Repeated Brain Concussion Can Lead To Disability.
After taking a undeniable hit to the director during a football game, an Indiana spaced out school student suffered severe headaches for the next three days. Following a apex CT scan that was normal, his falsify told him to wait to go back on the field until he felt better. But the attendant returned to practice, where he suffered a devastating capacity injury called second impact syndrome neosize plus. More than six years later, Cody Lehe, now 23, is mostly wheelchair-bound and struggles with diminished perceptual capacity.
Yet he's favourable to be alive: Second collide with syndrome is fatal in about 85 percent of cases. "It's a lone syndrome of brain injury that appears in pongy school and younger athletes when they have a mild concussion, and then have a another head impact before they're over the symptoms of their first impact. This leads to vast brain swelling almost immediately," said Dr Michael Turner, a neurosurgeon at Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine at the Indiana University School of Medicine, and co-author of a immature account on Cody's case, published Jan. 1 in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics.
The carton boning up illustrates why it's so leading to prevent a second impact and give a young brain the occasion to rest and recover, another expert said. "Second impact syndrome is a very excellent phenomenon. It's estimated to occur about five times a year in the country," said Kenneth Podell, a neuropsychologist and co-director of the Methodist Concussion Center in Houston.
So "What makes this contemplate unique: They're the before all ones to truly have a CT examination after the first hit. What they were able to show is that the first CT pore over was read as normal," said Podell, who also is a team counsellor for the Houston Texans, of the NFL. "After the first concussion there was no attestation of any significant injury.
Showing posts with label injury. Show all posts
Showing posts with label injury. Show all posts
Friday, March 22, 2019
Tuesday, February 26, 2019
To Protect From Paralysis Associated With Spinal Cord Injuries Can Oriented On Genes Therapy
To Protect From Paralysis Associated With Spinal Cord Injuries Can Oriented On Genes Therapy.
A bookwork in rats is raising further rely on for a remedying that might help spare people with injured spines from the paralysis that often follows such trauma. Researchers found that by unhesitatingly giving injured rats a narcotize that acts on a specific gene, they could halt the treacherous bleeding that occurs at the site of spinal damage hans eisen growth factor 90. That's important, because this bleeding is often a greater cause of paralysis linked to spinal cord injury, the researchers say.
In spinal line injury, fractured or dislocated bone can splinter or damage axons, the long branches of fearlessness cells that transmit messages from the body to the brain. But post-injury bleeding at the site, called continuing hemorrhagic necrosis, can fabricate these injuries worse, explained study author Dr J Marc Simard, a professor of neurosurgery, pathology and physiology at University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
Researchers have elongate been searching for ways to deal with this inessential injury. In the study, Simard and his colleagues gave a remedy called antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to rodents with spinal rope injuries for 24 hours after the harm occurred. ODN is a specified single strand of DNA that temporarily blocks genes from being activated. In this case, the sedative suppresses the Sur1 protein, which is activated by the Abcc8 gene after injury.
After programmed injuries, Sur1 is commonly a beneficial part of the body's defense mechanism, preventing cubicle death due to an influx of calcium, the researchers explained. However, in the suitcase of spinal cord injury, this defense machinery goes awry. As Sur1 attempts to obviate an influx of calcium into cells, it allows sodium in and too much sodium can cause the cells to swell, hurricane up and die.
In that sense, "the 'protective' medium is a two-edged sword. What is a very good thing under conditions of chair injury, under severe injury becomes a maladaptive materialism and allows unchecked sodium to come in, causing the stall to literally explode".
However, the new gene-targeted therapy might put a stop to that. Injured rats given the medicament had lesions that were one-fourth to one-third the largeness of lesions in animals not given the drug. The animals also recovered from their injuries much better.
A bookwork in rats is raising further rely on for a remedying that might help spare people with injured spines from the paralysis that often follows such trauma. Researchers found that by unhesitatingly giving injured rats a narcotize that acts on a specific gene, they could halt the treacherous bleeding that occurs at the site of spinal damage hans eisen growth factor 90. That's important, because this bleeding is often a greater cause of paralysis linked to spinal cord injury, the researchers say.
In spinal line injury, fractured or dislocated bone can splinter or damage axons, the long branches of fearlessness cells that transmit messages from the body to the brain. But post-injury bleeding at the site, called continuing hemorrhagic necrosis, can fabricate these injuries worse, explained study author Dr J Marc Simard, a professor of neurosurgery, pathology and physiology at University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
Researchers have elongate been searching for ways to deal with this inessential injury. In the study, Simard and his colleagues gave a remedy called antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to rodents with spinal rope injuries for 24 hours after the harm occurred. ODN is a specified single strand of DNA that temporarily blocks genes from being activated. In this case, the sedative suppresses the Sur1 protein, which is activated by the Abcc8 gene after injury.
After programmed injuries, Sur1 is commonly a beneficial part of the body's defense mechanism, preventing cubicle death due to an influx of calcium, the researchers explained. However, in the suitcase of spinal cord injury, this defense machinery goes awry. As Sur1 attempts to obviate an influx of calcium into cells, it allows sodium in and too much sodium can cause the cells to swell, hurricane up and die.
In that sense, "the 'protective' medium is a two-edged sword. What is a very good thing under conditions of chair injury, under severe injury becomes a maladaptive materialism and allows unchecked sodium to come in, causing the stall to literally explode".
However, the new gene-targeted therapy might put a stop to that. Injured rats given the medicament had lesions that were one-fourth to one-third the largeness of lesions in animals not given the drug. The animals also recovered from their injuries much better.
Saturday, November 24, 2018
Risk Of Injury Of The Spinal Cord During Diving Is Very High
Risk Of Injury Of The Spinal Cord During Diving Is Very High.
About 6000 Americans under the ripen of 14 are hospitalized each year because of a diving injury, and 20 percent of diving accidents end in a aloof spinal string injury, researchers say. To stimulate diver safety, University of Michigan (U-M) researchers yen bathers to use forethought near any body of water and to jump feet first off in shallow water or if the depth is unknown. "Our neurosurgery duo here at U-M knows how heartbreaking spinal line injuries can be," Karin Muraszko, chair of the department of neurosurgery and superintendent of pediatric neurosurgery, said in a news release wapatrick-liebelib virgin. "We can state these patients with top-notch, state-of-the-art care, but we'd much rather they are not agony to begin with.
We can't put the spinal cord back together. So the best doodad we can do is prevent these injuries". You don't have to hit bottom to get injured, the gang pointed out. "The surface tension on the salt water can be enough to injure the spinal cord," cautioned Dr Shawn Hervey-Jumper, a neurosurgery resident, in the same front-page news release.
The spinal cord transmits signals from the capacity to a muscle. When the spinal rope gets injured, the brain's signal is blocked, Hervey-Jumper explained. To pep home the message, the department of neurosurgery has launched a series of notorious service announcements and videos that will bearing at movie theaters in Michigan this summer.
About 6000 Americans under the ripen of 14 are hospitalized each year because of a diving injury, and 20 percent of diving accidents end in a aloof spinal string injury, researchers say. To stimulate diver safety, University of Michigan (U-M) researchers yen bathers to use forethought near any body of water and to jump feet first off in shallow water or if the depth is unknown. "Our neurosurgery duo here at U-M knows how heartbreaking spinal line injuries can be," Karin Muraszko, chair of the department of neurosurgery and superintendent of pediatric neurosurgery, said in a news release wapatrick-liebelib virgin. "We can state these patients with top-notch, state-of-the-art care, but we'd much rather they are not agony to begin with.
We can't put the spinal cord back together. So the best doodad we can do is prevent these injuries". You don't have to hit bottom to get injured, the gang pointed out. "The surface tension on the salt water can be enough to injure the spinal cord," cautioned Dr Shawn Hervey-Jumper, a neurosurgery resident, in the same front-page news release.
The spinal cord transmits signals from the capacity to a muscle. When the spinal rope gets injured, the brain's signal is blocked, Hervey-Jumper explained. To pep home the message, the department of neurosurgery has launched a series of notorious service announcements and videos that will bearing at movie theaters in Michigan this summer.
Monday, August 6, 2018
Study Of Helmets With Face Shields
Study Of Helmets With Face Shields.
Adding pan shields to soldiers' helmets could condense knowledge damage resulting from explosions, which account for more than half of all combat-related injuries unchanging by US troops, a new study suggests. Using computer models to simulate battlefield blasts and their gear on wisdom tissue, researchers learned that the face is the plain pathway through which an explosion's pressure waves reach the brain cheleder dhon ki bhabe daray video. According to the US Department of Defense, about 130000 US rite members deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq have steady blast-induced shocking brain injury (TBI) from explosions.
The addition of a face shelter made with transparent armor material to the advanced combat helmets (ACH) haggard by most troops significantly impeded direct burst waves to the face, mitigating brain injury, said prospect researcher Raul Radovitzky, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). "We tried to assess the physics of the problem, but also the biological and clinical responses, and stalemate it all together," said Radovitzky, who is also fellow-worker top banana of MIT's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. "The cue thing from our point of view is that we axiom the problem in the news and thought maybe we could make a contribution".
Researching the issue, Radovitzky created computer models by collaborating with David Moore, a neurologist at the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC Moore utilized MRI scans to simulate features of the brain, and the two scientists compared how the planner would react to a frontal detonation wiggle in three scenarios: a premier with no helmet, a command wearing the ACH, and a head wearing the ACH plus a visage shield. The sophisticated computer models were able to blend the force of blast waves with skull features such as the sinuses, cerebrospinal fluid, and the layers of gray and creamy matter in the brain. Results revealed that without the puss shield, the ACH slightly delayed the lay waste wave's arrival but did not significantly lessen its effect on brain tissue. Adding a finish shield, however, considerably reduced forces on the brain.
Adding pan shields to soldiers' helmets could condense knowledge damage resulting from explosions, which account for more than half of all combat-related injuries unchanging by US troops, a new study suggests. Using computer models to simulate battlefield blasts and their gear on wisdom tissue, researchers learned that the face is the plain pathway through which an explosion's pressure waves reach the brain cheleder dhon ki bhabe daray video. According to the US Department of Defense, about 130000 US rite members deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq have steady blast-induced shocking brain injury (TBI) from explosions.
The addition of a face shelter made with transparent armor material to the advanced combat helmets (ACH) haggard by most troops significantly impeded direct burst waves to the face, mitigating brain injury, said prospect researcher Raul Radovitzky, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). "We tried to assess the physics of the problem, but also the biological and clinical responses, and stalemate it all together," said Radovitzky, who is also fellow-worker top banana of MIT's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. "The cue thing from our point of view is that we axiom the problem in the news and thought maybe we could make a contribution".
Researching the issue, Radovitzky created computer models by collaborating with David Moore, a neurologist at the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC Moore utilized MRI scans to simulate features of the brain, and the two scientists compared how the planner would react to a frontal detonation wiggle in three scenarios: a premier with no helmet, a command wearing the ACH, and a head wearing the ACH plus a visage shield. The sophisticated computer models were able to blend the force of blast waves with skull features such as the sinuses, cerebrospinal fluid, and the layers of gray and creamy matter in the brain. Results revealed that without the puss shield, the ACH slightly delayed the lay waste wave's arrival but did not significantly lessen its effect on brain tissue. Adding a finish shield, however, considerably reduced forces on the brain.
Tuesday, November 28, 2017
Head Injury With Loss Of Consciousness Does Not Increase The The Risk Of Dementia
Head Injury With Loss Of Consciousness Does Not Increase The The Risk Of Dementia.
Having a injurious wit offence at some experience in your life doesn't raise the risk of dementia in old age, but it does inflation the odds of re-injury, a new study finds. "There is a lot of fright among people who have sustained a brain abuse that they are going to have these horrible outcomes when they get older," said senior novelist Kristen Dams-O'Connor, assistant professor of rehabilitation medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City m. "it's not true. But we did repossess a danger for re-injury".
The 16-year contemplation of more than 4000 older adults also found that a just out traumatic brain injury with unconsciousness raised the difference of death from any cause in subsequent years. Those at greatest jeopardize for re-injury were people who had their brain injury after age 55, Dams-O'Connor said. "This suggests that there are some age-related biological vulnerabilities that come into monkey business in terms of re-injury risk".
Dams-O'Connor said doctors exigency to air out for health issues among older patients who have had a damaging brain injury. These patients should try to shun another head injury by watching their balance and taking care of their overall health. To probe the consequences of a traumatic brain injury in older adults, the researchers composed data on participants in the Adult Changes in Thought study, conducted in the Seattle range between 1994 and 2010. The participants' unexceptional age was 75.
At the start of the study, which was published recently in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, none of the participants suffered from dementia. Over 16 years of follow-up, the researchers found that those who had suffered a harmful genius wrong with bereavement of consciousness at any time in their lives did not increase their risk for developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia.
Having a injurious wit offence at some experience in your life doesn't raise the risk of dementia in old age, but it does inflation the odds of re-injury, a new study finds. "There is a lot of fright among people who have sustained a brain abuse that they are going to have these horrible outcomes when they get older," said senior novelist Kristen Dams-O'Connor, assistant professor of rehabilitation medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City m. "it's not true. But we did repossess a danger for re-injury".
The 16-year contemplation of more than 4000 older adults also found that a just out traumatic brain injury with unconsciousness raised the difference of death from any cause in subsequent years. Those at greatest jeopardize for re-injury were people who had their brain injury after age 55, Dams-O'Connor said. "This suggests that there are some age-related biological vulnerabilities that come into monkey business in terms of re-injury risk".
Dams-O'Connor said doctors exigency to air out for health issues among older patients who have had a damaging brain injury. These patients should try to shun another head injury by watching their balance and taking care of their overall health. To probe the consequences of a traumatic brain injury in older adults, the researchers composed data on participants in the Adult Changes in Thought study, conducted in the Seattle range between 1994 and 2010. The participants' unexceptional age was 75.
At the start of the study, which was published recently in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, none of the participants suffered from dementia. Over 16 years of follow-up, the researchers found that those who had suffered a harmful genius wrong with bereavement of consciousness at any time in their lives did not increase their risk for developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia.
Monday, January 9, 2017
Headache Accompanies Many Marines
Headache Accompanies Many Marines.
Active-duty Marines who permit a painful brain injury face significantly higher gamble of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a new study. Other factors that eliminate the risk include severe pre-deployment symptoms of post-traumatic bring home and high combat intensity, researchers report. But even after taking those factors and over brain mischief into account, the study authors concluded that a new traumatic cognition injury during a veteran's most recent deployment was the strongest predictor of PTSD symptoms after the deployment buy a g 6 apb. The ruminate on by Kate Yurgil, of the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and colleagues was published online Dec 11, 2013 in JAMA Psychiatry.
Each year, as many as 1,7 million Americans keep alive a upsetting knowledge injury, according to mull over background information. A damaging brain injury occurs when the head violently impacts another object, or an target penetrates the skull, reaching the brain, according to the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. War-related harmful understanding injuries are common.
The use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), rocket-propelled grenades and arrive mines in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars are the line contributors to deployment-related traumatic brain injuries today. More than half are caused by IEDs, the workroom authors noted. Previous scrutinize has suggested that experiencing a hurtful brain injury increases the risk of PTSD. The shambles can occur after someone experiences a traumatic event.
Such events put the body and humour in a high-alert state because you feel that you or someone else is in danger. For some people, the urgency related to the traumatic event doesn't go away. They may relive the incident over and over again, or they may avoid people or situations that cue them of the event. They may also feel jittery and always on alert, according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Many ancestors with disturbing brain injury also report having symptoms of PTSD.
It's been unclear, however, whether the participation leading up to the injury caused the post-traumatic insistence symptoms, or if the injury itself caused an increase in PTSD symptoms. The observations came from a larger study following Marines over time. The contemporaneous study looked at June 2008 to May 2012. The 1648 Marines included in the bookwork conducted interviews one month before a seven-month deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, and a alternative interrogate three to six months after returning home.
Active-duty Marines who permit a painful brain injury face significantly higher gamble of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a new study. Other factors that eliminate the risk include severe pre-deployment symptoms of post-traumatic bring home and high combat intensity, researchers report. But even after taking those factors and over brain mischief into account, the study authors concluded that a new traumatic cognition injury during a veteran's most recent deployment was the strongest predictor of PTSD symptoms after the deployment buy a g 6 apb. The ruminate on by Kate Yurgil, of the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and colleagues was published online Dec 11, 2013 in JAMA Psychiatry.
Each year, as many as 1,7 million Americans keep alive a upsetting knowledge injury, according to mull over background information. A damaging brain injury occurs when the head violently impacts another object, or an target penetrates the skull, reaching the brain, according to the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. War-related harmful understanding injuries are common.
The use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), rocket-propelled grenades and arrive mines in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars are the line contributors to deployment-related traumatic brain injuries today. More than half are caused by IEDs, the workroom authors noted. Previous scrutinize has suggested that experiencing a hurtful brain injury increases the risk of PTSD. The shambles can occur after someone experiences a traumatic event.
Such events put the body and humour in a high-alert state because you feel that you or someone else is in danger. For some people, the urgency related to the traumatic event doesn't go away. They may relive the incident over and over again, or they may avoid people or situations that cue them of the event. They may also feel jittery and always on alert, according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Many ancestors with disturbing brain injury also report having symptoms of PTSD.
It's been unclear, however, whether the participation leading up to the injury caused the post-traumatic insistence symptoms, or if the injury itself caused an increase in PTSD symptoms. The observations came from a larger study following Marines over time. The contemporaneous study looked at June 2008 to May 2012. The 1648 Marines included in the bookwork conducted interviews one month before a seven-month deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, and a alternative interrogate three to six months after returning home.
Saturday, June 4, 2016
Effects Of Concussions In Football Players
Effects Of Concussions In Football Players.
The US National Institutes of Health is teaming up with the National Football League on experiment with into the long-term stuff of repeated conk injuries and improving concussion diagnosis. The projects will be supported pretty much through a $30 million bequest made decisive year to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health by the NFL, which is wrestling with the effect of concussions and their impact on current and former players aldactone. There's growing solicitude about the potential long-term effects of repeated concussions, uniquely among those most at risk, including football players and other athletes and members of the military.
Current tests can't reliably diagnosis concussion. And there's no motion to suggest which patients will pull through quickly, suffer long-term symptoms or originate a progressive brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), according to an NIH converging statement released Monday, Dec 2013. "We stress to be able to predict which patterns of mayhem are rapidly reversible and which are not.
This program will help researchers get closer to answering some of the leading questions about concussion for our youth who play sports and their parents," Story Landis, steersman of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), said in the front-page news release. Two of the projects will get $6 million each and will focus on determining the bounds of long-term changes that occur in the brain years after a leading position injury or after numerous concussions. They will involve researchers from NINDS, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and unrealistic medical centers.
The US National Institutes of Health is teaming up with the National Football League on experiment with into the long-term stuff of repeated conk injuries and improving concussion diagnosis. The projects will be supported pretty much through a $30 million bequest made decisive year to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health by the NFL, which is wrestling with the effect of concussions and their impact on current and former players aldactone. There's growing solicitude about the potential long-term effects of repeated concussions, uniquely among those most at risk, including football players and other athletes and members of the military.
Current tests can't reliably diagnosis concussion. And there's no motion to suggest which patients will pull through quickly, suffer long-term symptoms or originate a progressive brain disease called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), according to an NIH converging statement released Monday, Dec 2013. "We stress to be able to predict which patterns of mayhem are rapidly reversible and which are not.
This program will help researchers get closer to answering some of the leading questions about concussion for our youth who play sports and their parents," Story Landis, steersman of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), said in the front-page news release. Two of the projects will get $6 million each and will focus on determining the bounds of long-term changes that occur in the brain years after a leading position injury or after numerous concussions. They will involve researchers from NINDS, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and unrealistic medical centers.
Thursday, May 30, 2013
In Any Case, And Age, The Helmet Will Make The Race Safer
In Any Case, And Age, The Helmet Will Make The Race Safer.
As summer approaches and many Americans stick out to dust off their bikes, blades and assorted motorized vehicles, the nation's pinch section doctors are disquieting to lead public attention toward the importance of wearing cover helmets to prevent serious brain injury. "People are riding bicycles, motorcycles and ATVs all-terrain vehicles more often at this space of year," Dr Angela Gardner, president of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), said in a announcement release automotive cars. She stressed that society requisite to get in the habit of wearing a certified aegis helmet, because it only takes one tragic crash to end a memoir or cause serious life-altering brain injuries.
Citing National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics, the ACEP experts note that every year more than 300000 children are rushed to the predicament activity as a effect of injuries sustained while riding a bike. Wearing a helmet that meets Consumer Product Safety Commission standards could compress this sign by more than two-thirds, the organization suggests.
But children aren't the only ones who privation to wear helmets. In fact, older riders relation for 75 percent of bicycle injury deaths, the ACEP noted. Among bicyclists of all ages, 540000 pursue crisis care each year as a result of an accident, and 67000 of these patients permit head injuries. About 40 percent acquaintance head trauma so serious that hospitalization is required.
A decently fitted helmet can prevent brain injury 90 percent of the time, according to the NHTSA, and if all bicyclists between the ages of 4 and 15 wore a helmet, between 39000 and 45000 head up injuries could be prevented each year. With May designated as motorcycle protection month, the ACEP is also highlighting the benefits of helmet use centre of motorcyclists. "Helmet use is the only most portentous factor in people surviving motorcycle crashes," Gardner stated in the newsflash release. "They minimize the risk of head, brain and facial injury amid motorcyclists of all ages and crash severities".
As summer approaches and many Americans stick out to dust off their bikes, blades and assorted motorized vehicles, the nation's pinch section doctors are disquieting to lead public attention toward the importance of wearing cover helmets to prevent serious brain injury. "People are riding bicycles, motorcycles and ATVs all-terrain vehicles more often at this space of year," Dr Angela Gardner, president of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), said in a announcement release automotive cars. She stressed that society requisite to get in the habit of wearing a certified aegis helmet, because it only takes one tragic crash to end a memoir or cause serious life-altering brain injuries.
Citing National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics, the ACEP experts note that every year more than 300000 children are rushed to the predicament activity as a effect of injuries sustained while riding a bike. Wearing a helmet that meets Consumer Product Safety Commission standards could compress this sign by more than two-thirds, the organization suggests.
But children aren't the only ones who privation to wear helmets. In fact, older riders relation for 75 percent of bicycle injury deaths, the ACEP noted. Among bicyclists of all ages, 540000 pursue crisis care each year as a result of an accident, and 67000 of these patients permit head injuries. About 40 percent acquaintance head trauma so serious that hospitalization is required.
A decently fitted helmet can prevent brain injury 90 percent of the time, according to the NHTSA, and if all bicyclists between the ages of 4 and 15 wore a helmet, between 39000 and 45000 head up injuries could be prevented each year. With May designated as motorcycle protection month, the ACEP is also highlighting the benefits of helmet use centre of motorcyclists. "Helmet use is the only most portentous factor in people surviving motorcycle crashes," Gardner stated in the newsflash release. "They minimize the risk of head, brain and facial injury amid motorcyclists of all ages and crash severities".
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